Description of larva, pupa, and genitalia of Hybosa acutangula Spaeth, 1913 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Cerrado

ABSTRACT Great advances were made in recent years regarding the description of immatures of Cassidinae and their taxonomy as a whole, but many taxa remain undescribed. This study focuses on updating morphological data for Hybosa acutangula Spaeth, 1913 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Ischyrosonychini), a tortoise beetle native of South America, which was collected in Fridericia florida (DC.) L. G. Lohmann in the Brazilian Cerrado. We provide descriptions and illustrations of the morphology of the larva, pupa, and genitalia of adults, all of which are novel for this genus. The main discerning features for this species among other Ischyrosonychini are the lack of dark patterns in the dorsum of either the larvae, being limited to the dark scoli and the cranium, or the pupae, and a much reduced anal fork. We also present the first record of parasitism by Chalcididae wasps, Brachymeria sp. Westwood, 1832 and Conura sp. Spinola, 1837. Morphological comparisons remain limited demanding further studies with other species of Ischyrosonychini, as to better understand the placement of this species within the taxonomy of tortoise beetles.

Oncideres saga Dalman: first record damaging Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. Coville (Fabaceae) in Brazil / Oncideres saga Dalman: primeiro registro em Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. Coville (Fabaceae) no Brasil

Oncideres females girdle tree branches of the Fabaceae family, interrupting the sap flow and turning the wood conditions ideal for their larvae development. The bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, a species native to the Brazilian Cerrado, is widely used in the traditional medicine. The objectives were to report, for the first time, Oncideres saga (Dalman), using S. adstringens as a host and to describe the pattern of branch girdling and oviposition distribution by this insect on these branches. The diameter at the base and the length of the girdled branches were measured and the number of incisions made by the O. saga females to oviposit, per branch section (basal, median and apical), counted. The emerged specimens were counted and the diameter of the exit holes measured. The average diameter at the base of the girdled branches was 2.5 ± 0.16 cm and the length was 90.6 ± 4.6 cm. The average number of incisions per branch was 37.7 ± 2.7. Damage by O. saga can reduce the growth and cause losses on S. adstringens, a tree with great extractivism potential.

As fêmeas de Oncideres anelam galhos de árvores da família Fabaceae, interrompendo o fluxo de seiva, tornando a madeira ideal para o desenvolvimento de suas larvas. A casca de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville uma espécie nativa do cerrado brasileiro, é amplamente utilizada na medicina tradicional. Os objetivos foram relatar, pela primeira vez, Oncideres saga (Dalman), usando S. adstringens como hospedeiro e descrever o padrão dos galhos anelados e a distribuição das posturas desse inseto. O diâmetro na base e o comprimento dos galhos anelados foram medidos e o número de incisões feitas pelas fêmeas por seção do galho (basal, mediana e apical) quantificados. Os espécimes emergidos foram contados e o diâmetro dos orifícios de emergência medidos. O diâmetro médio, dos galhos anelados, na base foi de 2,58 ± 0,16 cm e o comprimento de 90,6 ± 4,6 cm. O número médio de posturas por galho foi 37,7 ± 2,7. Danos por O. saga podem reduzir o crescimento e causar perdas em S. adstringens, árvore com grande potencial extrativista.

Oncideres saga Dalman: first record damaging Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. Coville (Fabaceae) in Brazil / Oncideres saga Dalman: primeiro registro em Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. Coville (Fabaceae) no Brasil

Oncideres females girdle tree branches of the Fabaceae family, interrupting the sap flow and turning the wood conditions ideal for their larvae development. The bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, a species native to the Brazilian Cerrado, is widely used in the traditional medicine. The objectives were to report, for the first time, Oncideres saga (Dalman), using S. adstringens as a host and to describe the pattern of branch girdling and oviposition distribution by this insect on these branches. The diameter at the base and the length of the girdled branches were measured and the number of incisions made by the O. saga females to oviposit, per branch section (basal, median and apical), counted. The emerged specimens were counted and the diameter of the exit holes measured. The average diameter at the base of the girdled branches was 2.5 ± 0.16 cm and the length was 90.6 ± 4.6 cm. The average number of incisions per branch was 37.7 ± 2.7. Damage by O. saga can reduce the growth and cause losses on S. adstringens, a tree with great extractivism potential.

As fêmeas de Oncideres anelam galhos de árvores da família Fabaceae, interrompendo o fluxo de seiva, tornando a madeira ideal para o desenvolvimento de suas larvas. A casca de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville uma espécie nativa do cerrado brasileiro, é amplamente utilizada na medicina tradicional. Os objetivos foram relatar, pela primeira vez, Oncideres saga (Dalman), usando S. adstringens como hospedeiro e descrever o padrão dos galhos anelados e a distribuição das posturas desse inseto. O diâmetro na base e o comprimento dos galhos anelados foram medidos e o número de incisões feitas pelas fêmeas por seção do galho (basal, mediana e apical) quantificados. Os espécimes emergidos foram contados e o diâmetro dos orifícios de emergência medidos. O diâmetro médio, dos galhos anelados, na base foi de 2,58 ± 0,16 cm e o comprimento de 90,6 ± 4,6 cm. O número médio de posturas por galho foi 37,7 ± 2,7. Danos por O. saga podem reduzir o crescimento e causar perdas em S. adstringens, árvore com grande potencial extrativista.

Oncideres saga Dalman: first record damaging Stryphnodendron adstringens Mart. Coville (Fabaceae) in Brazil

Abstract Oncideres females girdle tree branches of the Fabaceae family, interrupting the sap flow and turning the wood conditions ideal for their larvae development. The bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, a species native to the Brazilian Cerrado, is widely used in the traditional medicine. The objectives were to report, for the first time, Oncideres saga (Dalman), using S. adstringens as a host and to describe the pattern of branch girdling and oviposition distribution by this insect on these branches. The diameter at the base and the length of the girdled branches were measured and the number of incisions made by the O. saga females to oviposit, per branch section (basal, median and apical), counted. The emerged specimens were counted and the diameter of the exit holes measured. The average diameter at the base of the girdled branches was 2.5 ± 0.16 cm and the length was 90.6 ± 4.6 cm. The average number of incisions per branch was 37.7 ± 2.7. Damage by O. saga can reduce the growth and cause losses on S. adstringens, a tree with great extractivism potential.,

Resumo As fêmeas de Oncideres anelam galhos de árvores da família Fabaceae, interrompendo o fluxo de seiva, tornando a madeira ideal para o desenvolvimento de suas larvas. A casca de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville uma espécie nativa do cerrado brasileiro, é amplamente utilizada na medicina tradicional. Os objetivos foram relatar, pela primeira vez, Oncideres saga (Dalman), usando S. adstringens como hospedeiro e descrever o padrão dos galhos anelados e a distribuição das posturas desse inseto. O diâmetro na base e o comprimento dos galhos anelados foram medidos e o número de incisões feitas pelas fêmeas por seção do galho (basal, mediana e apical) quantificados. Os espécimes emergidos foram contados e o diâmetro dos orifícios de emergência medidos. O diâmetro médio, dos galhos anelados, na base foi de 2,58 ± 0,16 cm e o comprimento de 90,6 ± 4,6 cm. O número médio de posturas por galho foi 37,7 ± 2,7. Danos por O. saga podem reduzir o crescimento e causar perdas em S. adstringens, árvore com grande potencial extrativista.

El género Eurysternus Damlan, 1824 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Oniticellini) del departamento de Loreto, Perú / The genus Eurysternus Dalman, 1824 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Oniticellini) from Loreto department, Peru

Resumen Presentamos 13 especies del género Eurysternus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Oniticellini) del departamento de Loreto - Perú. Registramos por primera vez para Perú a la especie Eurysternus ventricosus Gill, 1990. Además, proporcionamos fotos de los habitus y aedeagus y mapas de distribución de las especies encontradas en este departamento.

Abstract Thirteen species of the genus Eurysternus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Oniticellini) occurring in Loreto Department - Peru are presented. Eurysternus ventricosus Gill, 1990 is recorded for the first time in Peru. Additionally, the habitus and aedeagus are illustrated, and distribution records for all the species found in the department are presented.

Cigarette Beetles (Lasioderma Serricorne) Occurring in Plantago Seed / 日本東洋医学雑誌

In the pharmaceutical department of Iizuka Hospital, larvae of the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) were found in Plantago seed for the first time since the Department of Japanese Kampo Medicine started in 1992. The larvae grew into pupae and then adults. The plastic-packaged Plantago seed was left for about 3 months, during which several larvae and adult cigarette beetles appeared. Cigarette beetles are very common insects in summer and it is important that we store crude drugs in hard closed containers in our refrigerators. The larvae can bite strongly and puncture plastic packaging, however they cannot live under 15 ℃. Education of crude drug storage for patients is very important.

Natural history notes on Cyrtonota sericinus (Erichson, 1847) in Ecuador (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini)

Abstract The first natural history data is reported for the tortoise beetle, Cyrtonota serinus (Erichson, 1847) (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini). An Ipomoea sp. (Convolvulaceae) is recorded as the host plant. Larvae and adults feed on the leaves. Larvae retain an exuvio-fecal shield and are gregarious. Adults are sexually dimorphic and polymorphic in sizes and coloration.

Resumen Se presentan los primeros datos de la historia natural del escarabajo tortuga, Cyrtonota serinus (Erichson, 1847) (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Mesomphaliini). Se registra como la planta huésped una especie de Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae); las larvas y los adultos se alimentan de las hojas. Las larvas retienen un escudo exuvio-fecal y son gregarias. Los adultos son sexualmente dimórficos y polimórficos en tamaños y coloración.

Toxicity of the essential oil of basil cultivars and hybrids and its repellent effect on stored grain pests / Toxicidade do óleo essencial de cultivares e híbridos de manjericão e seu efeito repelente sobre pragas de grãos armazenados

Essential oils have emerged as an alternative to synthetic insecticides in the control of stored grain pests. The toxicity and repellency of the essential oils of four basil cultivars and three basil hybrids and the monoterpenes linalool, citral, and (E)-methyl cinnamate were evaluated in the stored grain pests Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophillus zeamais. The essential oils of the cultivar Genovese and the hybrid 'Genovese' x 'Maria Bonita' were more toxic to C. maculatus. Conversely, the essential oils of the cultivar Sweet Dani and the hybrid 'Cinnamom' x 'Maria Bonita' were more toxic to S. zeamais. Among the monoterpenes, (E)-methyl cinnamate was the most toxic to both pests, taking 0.14 and 0.34 µ L.mL-1 to kill 50% of the C. maculatus and S. zeamais populations, respectively. All essential oils from cultivars, hybrids, and monoterpenes were repellent to S. zeamais, except for (E)-methyl cinnamate. For C. maculatus, this effect was lower, being citral the most repellent compound. Results demonstrate the insecticidal potential of the essential oil of O. basilicum and its monoterpenes in the control of stored grain pests.

Os óleos essenciais surgem como alternativa aos inseticidas sintéticos no controle das pragas de grãos armazenados. A toxicidade e a repelência dos óleos essenciais de quatro cultivares e três híbridos de manjericão e dos monoterpenos linalol, citral e (E)-cinamato de metila foram avaliadas nas pragas de grãos armazenados Callosobruchus maculatus e Sitophillus zeamais. Os óleos essenciais da cultivar Genovese e do híbrido 'Genovese' x 'Maria Bonita' foram mais tóxicos para C. maculatus. Já para S. zeamais, os óleos essenciais das cultivar Sweet Dani e do híbrido 'Cinnamom' x 'Maria Bonita' apresentaram maior toxicidade. Dentre os monoterpenos, o (E)-cinamato de metila foi o mais tóxico para ambas as pragas. Foram necessários 0,14 e 0,34 µ L.mL-1 para matar 50% da população de C. maculatus e S. zeamais. Todos os óleos essenciais das cultivares, dos híbridos e dos monoterpenos foram repelentes a S. zeamais, com exceção do (E)-cinamato de metila. Já para C. maculatus, este efeito foi reduzido, sendo o citral o composto mais repelente. Nos resultados demonstram o potencial inseticida dos óleos essenciais de O. basilicum e seus monoterpenos para o controle de pragas de grãos armazenados.

Occurrence of Phelypera griseofasciata and its parasitism in munguba in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro / Ocorrência de Phelypera griseofasciata e seu parasitismo em munguba em Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro

Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae), known as munguba, is cultivated for afforestation of many Brazilian cities. In Seropédica campus of UFRRJ, it was observed the defoliation of one specimen of Pachira aquatica with presence of larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae of beetle of the subfamily Hyperinae, which were reared in laboratory until the emergence of the adults; these insects were identified as belonging to the species Phelypera griseofasciata Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These immature forms (n=86) were again collected in this same specimen and reared in laboratory to verify the occurrence of parasitism. It was obtained 128 adults of Jaliscoa nudipennis Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), responsible for 44.2% of total parasitism. The sex ratio was 0.70, so the highest number of offspring was of females. Intersexual and intrasexual dimorphisms were also observed in J. nudipennis regarding the shape of the head and characteristics of the wings. This study is the first record of both insect species associated with Pachira aquatica in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.(AU)

Pachira aquatica (Malvaceae), conhecida como munguba, é cultivada para arborização de muitas cidades brasileiras. No campus de Seropédica da UFRRJ, observou-se o desfolhamento de um espécime de Pachira aquatica, com a presença de larvas, pré-pupas e pupas de besouro da subfamília Hyperinae, que foram criadas em laboratório até a emergência dos adultos; esses insetos foram identificados como pertencentes à espécie Phelypera griseofasciata Capiomont (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Essas formas imaturas (n=86) foram novamente coletadas nesse mesmo espécime e criadas em laboratório para verificar a ocorrência de parasitismo. Foram obtidos 128 adultos de Jaliscoa nudipennis Boucek (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), responsáveis por 44,2% do parasitismo total. A razão sexual foi de 0,70, portanto, o maior número de descendentes foi de fêmeas. Observaram-se ainda os dimorfismos inter e intrasexuais em J. nudipennis quanto ao formato da cabeça e às características das asas. Este estudo trata-se do primeiro registro de ambas as espécies de insetos associadas a Pachira aquatica no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.(AU)

Occurrence of Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) in corn grains from the city of Plácido de Castro, state of Acre, Brazil / Ocorrência de Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) em grãos de milho provenientes de Plácido de Castro, Acre, Brasil

Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) is a secondary pest of stored grains. It is a polyphagic and cosmopolitan species, with little information about its occurrence in the northern region of Brazil. This study was conducted to report the first occurrence of A. advena in corn grains in the city of Plácido de Castro, in the state of Acre, Brazil. In June 2019, the presence of A. advena under development was observed in a mass of corn grains. The identification was made at the species level using the available dichotomous keys. Since this is the first record of A. advena in corn grains in the city of Plácido de Castro, monitoring insects in the mass of corn grains is necessary to prevent the economic damages caused by A. advena to grains.(AU)

Ahasverus advena (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) é uma praga secundária de grãos armazenados. É uma espécie polifágica e cosmopolita, com poucas informações sobre sua ocorrência na região norte do Brasil. Este estudo tem o objetivo de relatar a primeira ocorrência de A. advena em grãos de milho na cidade de Plácido de Castro, Acre, Brasil. Em junho de 2019, observou-se a presença de A. advena desenvolvendo em uma massa de grãos de milho. A identificação foi feita a nível de espécie com a utilização das chaves dicotômicas disponíveis. Como este é o primeiro registro de A. advena em grãos de milho na cidade de Plácido de Castro, o monitoramento dos insetos na massa de grãos de milho é necessário para evitar danos econômicos causados por A. advena nos grãos.(AU)

Multi-index optimization of extraction process of Fengyin Decoction based on BAS-GA-BP neural network combined with entropy weight method / 中国中药杂志

To optimize the ethanol extraction technology parameters of Fengyin Decoction by orthogonal experiment combined with beetle antennae search(BAS)-genetic algorithm(GA)-back propagation neural network(BPNN). Based on single factor investigation, the extraction temperature, ethanol volume, extraction time, and ethanol concentration were used as orthogonal experiment factors, and entropy weight method was used to calculate the comprehensive scores of aloe-emodin, glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, cinnamaldehyde, 6-gingerol, extraction ratio and fingerprint similarity. BAS-BPNN model was established, and then, GA was used to predict the optimal extraction process. The results showed that BAS-BPNN was optimized to obtain the optimal ethanol extraction process of Fengyin Decoction as follows: extraction temperature of 87 ℃, adding 9 times of 75 % ethanol, and extracting for 47 minutes, with a comprehensive score of 1.052 9. Meanwhile, the optimal process parameters obtained by orthogonal design were as follows: the extraction temperature of 80 ℃, adding 10 times of 75% ethanol, extracting for 30 minutes, with a comprehensive score of 1.003 7. The comprehensive score of the process obtained from the BAS-BPNN model was slightly better than that from the orthogonal test, indicating that the optimized process from BAS-BPNN model was more ideal, so it was finally determined as the best extraction process for Fengyin Decoction. The process of Fengyin Decoction obtained from BAS-GA-BPNN has high extraction efficiency and good stability, which provides reference for the subsequent development and quality control.

A rare and interesting case of Scarabiasis

Scarabiasis or Canthariasis or Beetle disease is an ectoparasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the beetles temporarily infest the digestive tract and rarely the urinary tract. Dung beetle belongs to Scarabiaediae family.' It is mostly seen in children aged between 2 to 5 years, who play outdoor for prolonged hours without undergarments. It is a temporary infestation in which early stages of development of beetle takes place in the anus and the adult beetle flies, out of the anus while defecation. A boy aged 3 years and four months presented to the pediatric OPD with complaints of peri umbilical abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, mucus in stool along with 'black insects' in his stool. The clinical examination revealed that the pulse rate, blood pressure and temperature were normal. Per rectal examination and ultrasound of the abdomen was normal. Routine examination of stool and urine was also found to be normal. The beetle was identified by the medical entomologist as dung beetle belonging to family Scarabidae. This report implies that the boy had an infestation with the larvae of dung beetle in the gastro intestine. The family belonged to the high range area of Mundakayam. Agriculture is the main source of income for people and main plantation being Rubber. Natives breed cattle for their livelihood and agriculture. During contact with mud or while playing outdoors naked, he would have come into contact with the eggs or the beetle, which hatched into larvae and caused canthariasis.

Abundancia altitudinal de Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en relación a variables climáticas en Hidalgo, México

Los descortezadores Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) son un grupo de coleópteros estrechamente ligado a las masas forestales y son una de las plagas más dañinas en México, ocasionando que la cobertura forestal se reduzca considerablemente. Adicionalmente factores como el cambio climático, favorecen el aumento en las poblaciones de escarabajos descortezadores del género Dendroctonus. Por lo anterior es conveniente conocer la variación poblacional de descortezadores, particularmente de Dendroctonus frontalis, cuyas poblaciones dependen de la variabilidad climática que influye en su abundancia. Teniendo como hipótesis que la altitud y las variables ambientales afectan el comportamiento en la abundancia de D. frontalis, se planteó como objetivo estimar la variación espacio-temporal de poblaciones de D. frontalis en bosques de pino a diferentes altitudes. El estudio se realizó en la comunidad de Durango, Zimapán, Hidalgo, México. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de parcelas apareadas con dos tratamientos, de feromona y testigo. Se colocaron siete trampas con ambos tratamientos en un rango de 1 568 a 2 117 m.s.n.m. para determinar la abundancia altitudinal de D. frontalis. El muestreo se llevó a cabo de enero a diciembre 2015. Se obtuvo una relación positiva entre la abundancia de D. frontalis y el gradiente altitudinal y respecto a la abundancia de D. frontalis y la temperatura se observó una relación moderada, pero no significativa; de la misma forma para la precipitación media anual. La relación con la temperatura media máxima y el balance de precipitación de primavera/verano fueron estadísticamente significativos. Se presentó una tendencia positiva en la abundancia de D. frontalis de acuerdo al índice anual de aridez, por lo cual se espera que con el aumento de las temperaturas el estrés en la vegetación de los bosques sea mayor, favoreciendo el incremento de las poblaciones de escarabajos descortezadores.

The bark beetles Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are a group of coleoptera closely linked to forest masses, and one of the most harmful pests in Mexico, causing the forest cover to be considerably reduced. Additionally factors such as climate change, favor the increase in populations of bark beetles of the genus Dendroctonus. Taking as a hypothesis that altitude and environmental variables affect the behavior in the abundance of D. frontalis, the objective was to estimate the temporary-spatial variation of D. frontalis populations in pine forests at different altitudes. The study was conducted in the community of Durango, Zimapán, Hidalgo, Mexico. An experimental design of paired plots with two treatments was used, pheromone and control. Seven traps were placed with both treatments in a range of 1 568 to 2 117 m.a.s.l. to determine the altitudinal abundance of D. frontalis. The sampling was realized from January to December 2015. A positive relationship was observed between the abundance of D. frontalis and the altitudinal gradient. About the abundance of D. frontalis and the temperature, a moderate but not significant relationship was observed in the same way for the average annual precipitation. The relation with the maximum average temperature and the spring summer precipitation balance were statistically significant. There was a positive trend on the abundance of D. frontalis according to the annual aridity index, which is why it is expected that the increase of temperatures the stress in the vegetation of the forests will be greater, favoring the increase of bark beetles populations.

Uncovering the spatial pattern of invasion of the honeybee pest small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, in Italy

ABSTRACT The fast tracking of invasion spatial patterns of alien species is crucial for the implementation of preventive and management strategies of those species. Recently, a honeybee pest, the small hive beetle Aethina tumida (hereafter SHB), has been reported in Italy, where it colonized more than 50 apiaries in an area of about 300 km2. SHB is a nest parasite and scavenger of honeybee colonies native of Sub-Saharian Africa. Likely being helped by the globalization of apiculture, SHB underwent several invasions in the last twenty years, causing locally relevant economic impact. While many features of its biology have been addressed, an important knowledge gap concerns the spatial invasion dynamics in invaded areas. In this paper we coupled two spatial analysis techniques (geographic profiling and a density-based spatial clustering algorithm) to uncover the possible invasion pattern of SHB in Italy. We identified the port town of Gioia Tauro as the most likely point from which SHB may have spread and suggested the possible successive axes of diffusion. These putative diffusion paths suggest that the SHB spread in south Italy might have been due to a mix of natural dispersal between close apiaries and longer distance movement through faster, likely human-mediated, communication routes.

Sampling Methodology of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleptera: Tenebrionidae) Population in Poultry Houses

Abstract This paper describes a methodology to evaluate Alphitobius diaperinus (Darkling beetle) population in order to estimate the effectiveness of control methods, consisting of direct sample collections from the poultry litter in 18 points, counting of adults and larvae, and subsequent comparison of the values obtained before and after of control strategies. It allows estimating the total population, population in a known area, as well to analyze the variations in different points all over the aviary. The method has shown to be very versatile, being indicated for population studies and efficacy evaluations, once it has already been validated in different experimental conditions.

New species of Elateridae (Coleoptera) from Madre de Dios, Peru, with new taxonomic changes and distribution records / Especies nuevas de Elateridae (Coleoptera) de Madre de Dios, Perú, con nuevos cambios taxonómicos y registros de distribución

The Elateridae fauna of Peru is updated with species new to science, new country records and new taxonomic combinations from the Madre de Dios region. Ten species representing eight genera are described as new: Conoderus wachiperi new species (Agrypninae, Oophorini) Cosmesus aca new species (Elaterinae, Pomachilini), Dipropus amarakaeri new species and Dipropus losamigos new species (Elaterinae, Ampedini, Dicrepidiina), Esthesopus machiguenga new species (Cardiophorinae), Glyphonyx peruanus new species (Elaterinae, Adrastini), Lissomus carmen new species (Lissominae), Paradonus kosnipata new species (Negastriinae), and Pomachilius qusqu new species and Pomachilius wayqecha new species (Elaterinae, Pomachilini). Aeolus platynotus Candèze is changed to Conoderus platynotus (Candèze) new combination and Aeolus ticuna Johnson is changed to Conoderus ticuna (Johnson) new combination (Agrypninae, Oophorini); and Crigmus brunnipilis (Candèze) is changed to Probothrium brunnipilis (Candèze) new combination (Elaterinae, Elaterini). Twenty-seven (27) species, the genera Glyphonyx Candèze and Paradonus Stibick, the tribe Adrastini, and the subfamily Negastriinae are added to the Peru faunal list. There are now 201 species representing 48 genera and 9 subfamilies recorded from Peru.

La fauna Elateridae del Perú se actualiza con especies nuevas para la ciencia, nuevos registros de países y nuevas combinacion es taxonómicas de la región de Madre de Dios. Diez especies que representan ocho géneros se describen como nuevas: Conoderus wachiperi nueva especie, Cosmesus aca nueva especie, Dipropus amarakaeri nueva especies, Dipropus losamigos, nueva especie, Esthesopus machiguenga nueva especie, Glyphonyx peruanus nueva especie, Lissomus carmen nueva especie, Paradonus kosnipata nueva especie, Pomachilius qusqu nueva especie, Pomachilius wayqecha nueva especie. Aeolus ticuna Johnson se cambia a Conoderus ticuna (Johnson) nueva combinación, Aeolus platynotus Candèze se cambia a Conoderus platynotus (Candèze) nueva combinación, y Crigmus brunnipilis (Candèze) se cambia a Probothrium brunnipilis (Candèze). Veintisiete (27) especies, los géneros Glyphonyx Candèze y Paradonus Stibick, la tribu Adrastini y la subfamilia Negastriinae se agregan a la lista de fauna de Perú. Ahora hay 201 especies que representan 48 géneros y 9 subfamilias se registran en el Perú.

The beetle Costalimaita ferruginea (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) in Eucalyptus plantations in transition area of Amazon and Cerrado Biomes / O besouro Costalimaita ferruginea (Coleoptera: Chysomelidae) em plantios de Eucalyptus em áreas de transição dos Biomas Amazon e Cerrado

Abstract Costalimaita ferruginea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) attacks Eucalyptus plants causing severe damage through netting of the leaves. Recently, this Coleoptera has been reported attacking Myrtaceae in Mato Grosso State and, studies about the occurrence of this beetle in commercial plantations of eucalypts has been the subject of researchers through monitoring programmes in the forest protection area. With the beginning of the rainy season, adults were observed causing damage in eucalypt plantations in four cities that are part of the transition region of Amazon and Cerrado Biomes. The spots where these insects were observed are located in Feliz Natal, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso and Vera. The purpose of this study was to report the new occurrences and to characterize the attack period of the beetle C. ferruginea in Eucalyptus plantations in Middle-North region of Mato Grosso State, region of Biomes Transition.

Resumo Costalimaita ferruginea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) ataca plantas de Eucalyptus provocando intensos danos através do rendilhamento das folhas. Recentemente, esse Coleoptera tem sido relado atacando Myrtaceae no Estado de Mato Grosso e, estudos sobre a ocorrência desse besouro em plantios comerciais de eucaliptos tem sido alvo de pesquisadores através de programas de monitoramento na área de proteção florestal. Com o início do período chuvoso, adultos foram observados causando danos em plantios de eucalipto em quatro municípios que fazem parte da região de transição dos Biomas Amazônia e Cerrado. Os pontos onde foram observados esses insetos estão localizados em Feliz Natal, Lucas do Rio Verde, Sorriso e Vera. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar as novas ocorrências e caracterizar o período de ataque do besouro C. ferruginea em plantios de Eucalyptus na região Médio-Norte do Estado de Mato Grosso, região de transição de Biomas.

Propágulos de Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) barrenados por Coccotrypes rhizophorae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) en el manglar de Tumilco, Veracruz, México / Propagules of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) bored by Coccotrypes rhizophorae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Tumilco mangrove, Veracruz, México

Resumen: Los propágulos de las especies de manglar presentan una particular estrategia de superviviencia y dispersión. Desafortunadamente algunos reportes han afirmado que los propágulos de Rhizophora mangle son frecuentemente atacados por coleópteros y lepidópteros antes y después de su período de dispersión. El escarabajo Coccotrypes rhizophorae es un parásito obligado que puede causar la mortalidad de propágulos y plántulas de R. mangle, moldeando la estructura de sus poblaciones. Debido a la importancia de esta especie de mangle, su sobrevivencia y el aumento del impacto humano en la zona, este trabajo evaluó la presencia de propágulos barrenados por C. rhizophorae en el manglar de Tumilco, en el estado de Veracruz, México. Para esto, se establecieron tres zonas de muestreo: 1) manglar de R. mangle, 2) zona más impactada al borde de un camino de terracería con R. mangle y A. germinans, y 3) borde con Typha latifolia y R. mangle; en cada área, tres parcelas aleatorias de 25x25 m fueron analizadas. Se registró el número de propágulos barrenados por zona cada 15 días durante un año de muestreo (n= 567) de enero a diciembre 2012. También observamos el área dañada del propágulo (basal, medio, apical) y los propágulos barrenados vivos y muertos por temporada y los resultados para diferentes temporadas en el área: lluvias, nortes y secas. Los insectos fueron identificados por un experto. Nuestros resultados muestran un incremento en el número de propágulos barrenados durante la temporada de secas, principalmente en la zona 2 y 3. La supervivencia de los propágulos barrenados fue mayor cuando se presentó la perforación en el área basal, y durante la temporada de secas y nortes. En particular, la zona de estudio 2 presentó mayor número de propágulos vivos cuando el daño se encontró en el área basal del propágulo. En las tres zonas hubo mayor mortalidad cuando el daño fue apical. La zona 1 y 3 presentaron mayor supervivencia de propágulos durante las secas, mientras que en la zona 2 la supervivencia fue mayor durante la temporada de lluvias y nortes. El número de propágulos disminuyó conforme los niveles de inundación aumentaron. Los resultados muestran que C. rhizophorae tiene una amplia distribución en el manglar de Tumilco, pero la mortalidad de los propágulos de R. mangle está infuenciada por el área dañada, por la temporada del año y por las características de la zona en donde se encuentre la infestación. Se requieren estudios para evaluar la forma en que la mortalidad de los propágulos afecta la estructura poblacional de R. mangle.

Abstract: Mangrove species propagules represent a particular survival and dispersal strategy. Unfortunately, some reports have stated that Rhizophora mangle propagules are frequently attacked by Coleoptera and Lepidoptera before and after their dispersion period. The beetle species Coccotrypes rhizophorae is an obligate parasite that can cause mortality in propagules and seedlings of R. mangle, and may modify the structure of its populations. Because of the importance on this mangrove species, survival and increasing human impacts in the area, this study evaluated the presence of propagules with C. rhizophorae boring evidence in the Tumilco mangrove, in Veracruz State, Mexico. For this, three sampling areas were established: 1) mangrove core of R. mangle, 2) most impacted edge of an unpaved road with R. mangle and A. germinans, and 3) edge with Typha latifolia and R. mangle; in each area, three 25x25 m random plots were analyzed. The number of bored propagules per site was recorded every 15 days over a sampling period of one year (n= 567) from January to December 2012. We also observed the damaged part of the propagule (basal, central, apical) and the number of live and dead bored propagules per season, and compared results for different seasons in the area: rainy, cold northerly fronts or "norte" and dry. Insects were identified by an expert. Our results showed that a higher number of bored propagules was observed during the dry season, mainly in zones 2 and 3. Survival of bored propagules was higher when the perforation occurred in the basal part of the plant, and during the dry and norte seasons. Study zone 2 in particular presented a higher number of live propagules when the damage occurred in the basal part of the propagule. In all three zones, mortality was higher when the damage was apical. Zones 1 and 3 presented higher propagule survival during the dry season, while survival in zone 2 was higher during the rainy and norte seasons. The number of propagules decreased with rising flooding levels. The results showed that C. rhizophorae has a wide distribution in the Tumilco mangrove, but the mortality of R. mangle propagules is influenced by the part of the propagule that suffers damage, as well as by the season of the year and the characteristics of the area in which the infestation occurs. Futher studies are required to evaluate the impact of propagule mortality on the population structure of R. mangle. Rev. Biol. Trop. 65 (3): 1120-1128. Epub 2017 September 01.

First record of Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil

ABSTRACT The dung beetle, Scybalocanthon nigriceps (Harold, 1868), is recorded in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, for the first time, at the Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve, municipality of Dois Irmãos das Missões, northwest region of the state, expanding the area of occurrence and distribution of this species in the country.